Pavement distress is the most common type of failure in pavements. A distressed pavement undergoes a decline in its surface condition and structural load-carrying capacity. This reduction in pavement strength may be due to distortion, cracking, rutting, or other types of surface deterioration in pavements. In this paper, a case study of a road project in Gujarat, India, has been considered to assess the geotechnical investigation of distressed pavement. A field visit was made to the project site to visualize the failure conditions. The pavement was subjected to multiple issues, such as cracks in both longitudinal and lateral directions on the PQC (Pavement Quality Concrete) surface, differential settlement of PQC panels, and embankment cracking. During the site visit, in situ soil samples were collected from embankment and natural ground, in the vicinity of the main carriageway. The samples were tested in laboratory for their geotechnical characterization, such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, OMC and MDD, swelling pressure, differential free swell index, and CBR. From the observations with the following test results, probable reasons for the pavement failure were noted and suitable mitigation measures were suggested depending upon the existing in situ conditions.