The rapidly growing economy, population boom, fast industrialisation and urbanisation execute a greater threat to the water bodies and, subsequently, human health and ecology. Antibiotic and other organic discharges from medical industries, livestock, domestic sewage, poultry farms, agricultural fields, and industries pollute India’s rivers, lakes, ponds, and groundwater. To deal with the problem, the authors developed a new kind of TiO2 (metal oxide semiconductor) photocatalysts with different Nd doping concentrations (0–3.0 mol%) using hydrothermal treatment. All the synthesised samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–VIS spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, etc., to study structural, optical and chemical properties. 2 mol % Nd-doped TiO2 showed excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency 98% within 180 min for a catalyst loading of 0.1 g/L of tetracycline with 10 ppm concentration under visible light irradiation as compared to commercial available P25. This developed photocatalyst could remove other antibiotics and organic pollutants from wastewater.