This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of visible light communication (VLC) by thoroughly exploring its technologies, challenges and future prospects. Due to its enormous bandwidth and vast license-free spectrum, the visible light band can be harnessed for data transmission. Owing to this, VLC has emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation wireless communication that utilizes visible light as a medium for high-speed communication. However, the performance of VLC systems is degraded due to various factors, such as the nonlinear effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), noise, user mobility, blind spots and atmospheric turbulence, among many others. To mitigate such distortions in realistic VLC systems, different algorithms and architectures for practical deployment are proposed in the literature, which are discussed in detail in the upcoming sections. Furthermore, this chapter also discusses the emerging areas, new technologies, challenges and standards for VLC.