The textile industry faces a myriad of challenges ranging from raw material development to meeting consumer expectations while ensuring environmental and human health safety and profitability. Concurrently, societal priorities emphasize sustainable production systems, rural and industrial economies, and consumer interests. Innovations in product development, alternative raw materials, and processing technologies are pivotal for the textile industry's advancement. Among these innovations, plasma surface treatments exhibit distinct advantages, particularly in modifying the surface properties of inert materials, often with environmentally friendly methods. Plasma, often regarded as the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas resulting from energizing gas molecules to the point where electrons break free from atoms or molecules. Low-pressure plasma systems, although initially developed for microelectronics, have been adapted for effective and economically viable batch functionalization of textile products. Different plasma types, distinguished by their varying degrees of ionization, present distinct capabilities for modifying surfaces. Cold plasma, in particular, has garnered attention for its suitability in textile treatment due to its ability to maintain low temperatures while effectively modifying surfaces. Interaction between plasma and textile substrates yields several effects, including fine cleaning, surface activation, etching, cross-linking, and coating deposition. These effects enable a wide range of surface modifications crucial for enhancing textile properties such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, antistatic behavior, crease resistance, dyeability, and antimicrobial and flame-retardant properties. Plasma processing surpasses traditional wet chemistry methods with benefits like surface specificity, energy efficiency, and minimal water use. Despite initial costs, it offers increased production rates, lower expenses, superior quality, and unique finishes. Overall, plasma technology holds potential to transform textile processing sustainably and efficiently, meeting industry and societal needs.