This study aims to identify improvements in the surface quality of PA12CF (Polyamide 12 reinforced with Carbon Fiber) Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printed parts through the implementation of chemical dipping post-processing techniques. PA12CF, a carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, is well-known for its excellent mechanical properties. However, parts 3D-printed using FFF exhibit high surface roughness values. In this research, a thorough exploration of chemical dipping treatment is conducted across varying time durations to pinpoint the optimal parameters for enhancing the surface quality of PA12CF 3D-printed components while preserving their mechanical strength. ASTM D638 standard tensile test samples have been 3D-printed using FFF techniques and subsequently dipped in three different chemicals: Hydrochloric acid (HCL), ethyl acetate, and chloroform for time periods of 2, 4, and 6 min, respectively. Surface roughness and tensile tests were conducted on all the samples using a 3D optical profilometer and a universal testing machine, respectively. The results reveal that samples dipped in HCL for 6 min provided the best results, with reductions in Sa, Sq, and Sz values of 63.86%, 62.43%, and 47.69%, respectively and the lowest reduction of 29.95%, 26.63%, and 11.54% in Sa, Sq, and Sz was reported for samples dipped in chloroform for 4 min as compared with untreated sample. Importantly, the tensile strength variation of all the samples remained within the standard tensile strength range of 43 ± 3 MPa. Chemical dipping post-processing offers a promising avenue to enhance the surface finish, making PA12CF FFF parts more visually appealing and functional.