To investigate the processes of petroleum generation in source rocks under actual geothermal and pressure conditions, as well as to examine the mechanisms of low-temperature catalytic petroleum generation, a novel simulation experimental apparatus was developed by the research team. This apparatus differs significantly from traditional in-situ thermal and pressure hydrocarbon generation simulation instruments. It includes three independent petroleum generation simulation units and a centralized product collection system. Each simulation unit operates independently, while data is uniformly collected and recorded. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the apparatus, detailing its main components, functions, technical specifications, primary applications, experimental procedures, and operational considerations. These insights demonstrate the apparatus’s capability to advance research on petroleum generation mechanisms under realistic subsurface conditions.