The formation, development, and transformation of modern Japanese anthropology should be examined from its historical context, and the characteristics of anthropology at different stages should be discussed in the social context of each era. In particular, it is important to examine the imperialist and colonialist attributes of Japanese anthropology as manifested in its ideology in disciplinary construction and scientific research prior to World War II. In the course of my research, I examined the development of Japanese anthropology in the context of global disciplinary development. On the one hand, it is necessary to examine the relationship between Japanese anthropology and modern European and American anthropology; on the other hand, it is also important to evaluate the influence of Japanese anthropology on its neighboring countries, especially those in East Asia, given that Japan was one of the few colonial countries in Asia.