As climate change worsens, finding innovative solutions to mitigate its effects is crucial. Nanotechnology, which allows for manipulating matter at the nanoscale, offers great potential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change. This chapter examines the potential of nanotechnology in combating climate change through a comprehensive review of current research and emerging trends. Nanotechnology provides new approaches for renewable energy generation and storage. Nanomaterials such as quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and nanostructured electrodes have enhanced properties that can significantly improve the efficiency and performance of solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries. Additionally, nanotechnology-enabled energy storage devices are crucial for overcoming the intermittency issues associated with renewable energy sources, making their widespread adoption easier. Nanotechnology plays an essential role in enhancing energy efficiency across various sectors. Nano-enabled materials and coatings can improve the insulation properties of buildings, reduce energy consumption in transportation through lightweight nanocomposites, and improve the efficiency of industrial processes through catalytic nanomaterials. These advancements help lower greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable practices. Furthermore, nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS). Nanomaterial-based adsorbents and membranes demonstrate high selectivity and capacity for capturing carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and ambient air. Additionally, nanocatalysts facilitate the conversion of captured CO2 into valuable products such as fuels, chemicals, and building materials, closing the carbon loop and mitigating emissions. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.6%, the global market for nanotechnology is expected to develop at a rate of USD 91.18 billion by 2024, demonstrating its significant contribution to environmental preservation. For example, nanotechnology can increase solar cell efficiency by up to 20–30% and the effectiveness of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems, making them more commercially viable. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds immense promise for addressing the challenges of climate change by revolutionizing energy systems, enhancing resource efficiency, and fostering sustainable practices across various sectors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts are required to realize this potential while mitigating associated risks, paving the way for a more resilient and sustainable future.