Lack of water resources and efficient wastewater treatment are two important requirements for emerging nations. Developing and applying cutting-edge, highly effective wastewater treatment technology is essential. Scientists have been interested in recent advanced methods in nanomaterial sciences, among other therapies. The use of nanoparticles in the treatment of wastewater is auspicious. Its unique ability to have a large surface area makes it helpful in filtering out harmful metal ions, bacteria that cause illness, and organic and inorganic solutes from water. This chapter describes the different nanomaterials used for the remediation of wastewater.