The work explores how supply chain management (SCM) plays a vital role in advancing India’s electronics and photonics sectors. It discusses the global economic instability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, and trade wars, which have disrupted global supply chains. In response, companies have embraced digital solutions to enhance resilience. It also highlights SCM’s importance in managing the procurement, production, and distribution of goods while addressing key challenges such as port congestion, talent shortages, and rising freight costs. The work further emphasizes the role of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) in optimizing SCM practices. These technologies help businesses streamline processes, enhance visibility, and improve decision-making. The integration of blockchain technology is also discussed, focusing on its potential to increase transparency and prevent fraud in supply chains. Additionally, it presents case studies on the success of India’s semiconductor and photonics industries, demonstrating how effective SCM strategies have propelled growth. Ultimately, this work underscores the need for resilient and tech-driven SCM to support the ongoing development of India’s high-tech industries, making them globally competitive.