Sulphur-reducing bacteria (SRB) play a pivotal role in the bioremediation of xenobiotics through rhizoremediation, leveraging their metabolic pathways to detoxify pollutants. This chapter explores the interlinkages between SRB activity, biogeochemical cycles, and rhizosphere processes, emphasizing their influence on xenobiotic degradation. Advances in molecular techniques, including genomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have enhanced our understanding of SRB populations and their role in rhizoremediation. Strategies to enhance SRB activity, such as the addition of zero-valent iron, cations, carrier materials, and genetic engineering, offer practical solutions to boost xenobiotic degradation. Furthermore, synthetic bacterial consortia present new opportunities for targeted applications in wastewater treatment, acid mine remediation, and crude oil-contaminated sites. Despite the promising applications of SRB in environmental cleanup, challenges are still there, which necessitates future research into optimizing and scaling these technologies for more real-world applications. Thus, a deep comprehensive report is needed that explores all these components. This chapter provides an inclusive overview of above-mentioned aspects, which highlights SRB’s potential in advancing sustainable rhizoremediation.