With the further improvement of aero-engine performance, turbine blades rely only on exploring the heat-resistant capability of blade material to meet the thermal protection demand is far from being satisfied, and there is an urgent need to develop new types of lightweight, high-temperature-resistant blade materials and efficient cooling methods. Among the main thermal protection technologies, sweating cooling has the highest efficiency. As the flow and heat transfer carrier of sweat cooling coolant, sweat cooling material plays an important role in sweat cooling system. In this paper, the principles of sweating cooling and the research application of ceramic matrix composites in turbine blades are comprehensively introduced from the directions of research background, working principle and research progress. As an important sweating cooling material, ceramic matrix composites are inextricably linked to the sweating cooling method. The ceramic matrix composites themselves have the advantages of low density, high temperature resistance, stability and so on. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference significance to the application of ceramic matrix composites and the introduction of sweating cooling.