Both harmonic vibration and high-intensity sound waves play significant roles in promoting the transition of flow fields. However, there is a lack of research focusing on the mechanism of flow fields under the influence of these two excitations. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigates the transition of flow fields in a cavity from laminar to turbulent flow under low-frequency, high-intensity sound waves, and vertical harmonic vibration. In this paper, we establish a numerical model of acoustic-fluid coupling by solving the wave equation at the boundary of the flow field and sound field. Based on the Kolmogorov energy cascade theory, the transition process of the flow field is analyzed through the Reynolds number and vorticity. And the effect of sound wave characteristics on the transition is also explored. The results shows that the harmonic vibration induces nonlinear effects of low-frequency, high-intensity sound waves on the flow field. There are three main trends corresponding to the energy spectrum density proposed by Kolmogorov. As the acoustic excitation frequency decreases, the turbulence can be fully developed; and as the incident sound pressure level increases, the laminar flow developing into full turbulence.