Smart cities require human resources for building and operating a system that covers a variety of specialized fields. These human resources can be divided into three types: architects, coordinators, and collaborative specialists. Architects draw out an overall vision of the smart city, lead the coordination of stakeholders, and oversee the overall project. Coordinators work under architects and ensure that the collaborative specialists work together to materialize the desired mechanisms and projects. Programs that develop such human resources apply both an analysis approach (to provide broad knowledge on smart cities) and a synthesis approach (to develop the ability to integrate knowledge and create plans). It is important to advance human resource development as well as provide graduates with appropriate work. From this perspective, human resource development and smart city organizational structure creation are closely intertwined. This requires not only the training and placement of experts but also education for improving citizen literacy and living laboratories as forums to collaborate with citizens.