The shale gas reservoir of Longmaxi Formation in Zi205 well area belongs to unconventional gas reservoirs. Shale reservoir is obviously different from conventional sandstone gas reservoir in logging response and production dynamic pattern due to its characteristics of compact, low permeability. As well, a shale reservoir was usually self-generated, self-preserved and formed gas reservoir near resource. After the laboratory analysis on shale reservoir, its microstructure characteristics is known. The composition and characteristics of rock are revealed at the same time. The micro-pores in the reservoir can be divided into inorganic pores and organic pores. According to the pore size, the pores are divided into macropores, mesoporous pores and micropores furtherly. Organic pores are mainly found in the interior of organic matter with small pore size. The pore size of inorganic pore is relatively large, it usually be macropore. Most well-logging curves of the favorable shale reservoirs in this area often demonstrate high uranium, high gamma, high sonic lag, high resistivity, low density and low neutron value. For the development of shale gas reservoir, it is necessary to establish an inter-relationship between the microstructure characteristics of the reservoir and the logging response. In order to exploit the shale gas reservoir reasonably, the comprehensively understanding of the shale is needed for sure.