The stress sensitivity of permeability in shale gas reservoirs poses challenges to efficient extraction. Therefore, optimizing bottom hole pressure (BHP) is crucial for enhancing gas recovery rates and maximizing economic benefits. In this study, the pressure decay method (PDM) was employed to determine gas permeability, while pore volume was measured based on Boyle’s Law. Experimental studies were conducted on the porosity and permeability of siliceous shale (SS) and organic-rich dark massive shale (ORDMS) cores under different effective stress conditions, with a focus on matrix permeability and bedding permeability. This allowed for the quantification of permeability changes during the fracturing and production processes in shale gas reservoirs. And a complex dual-permeability shale gas model was developed, incorporating the stress sensitivity of permeability, adsorption/desorption, and a fractured network. Additionally, a neural network and particle swarm optimization (NN-PSO) were utilized to dynamically optimize BHP strategies. The results indicated that the porosity/permeability stress sensitivity of both pure shale and siliceous shale follows a power law function, with porosity–permeability exhibiting a power law relationship. The average increase in permeability due to fracturing was higher in pure shale than in siliceous shale (181.4% vs. 106.2%). When considering the stress sensitivity of permeability, the production of siliceous shale and pure shale over a 10-year period was found to be 9.56% and 14.06% lower, respectively, compared to scenarios without considering this factor. Rapid depressurization to near desorption pressure while maintaining a pressure gradient was identified as a key factor for enhanced production. The optimal strategy for maximizing production over a 10-year period involved an initial BHP of 1 MPa, followed by an adjustment to 0.5 MPa after three months, and maintaining a low pressure of <  = 0.5 MPa during the later stages of production. This study offers profound insights into the optimized management of shale gas reservoirs, potentially resulting in the enhancement of natural gas recovery rates and the augmentation of economic benefits.