Based on well logging data, combined with core, seismic and drilling data, the geological characteristics and controlling factors of carbonate fractures and caves in the Callovian to Oxfordian tectonic belt of the eastern right bank of the Amu Darya Basin are studied. Based on the identification of fracture-cavity characteristics from core data and the geological interpretation model of carbonate rock imaging data, a map of natural fracture and dissolution characteristics in the study area is established to obtain the real occurrence, distribution and development characteristics of fracture-vugs. The results show that the fractures in this area generally have the characteristics of dissolution, and the vertical fractures, high angle fractures, low angle fractures and horizontal fractures are developed, but the vertical fractures and NW high angle fractures are the main ones. It can be divided into three groups: NW trending, NE trending and NEE trending. Dissolved pores and karst caves develop, and karst caves are mainly small holes. It is dominated by supergene karstification. Vertical fractures and NW high angle fractures are often associated with dissolution cavities. Vertical fractures, oblique fractures and horizontal fractures cut each other to form a network of fractures, which are related to cataclastic rocks. The lithologic compact layer is dominated by horizontal fractures and low angle fractures with low density and no corrosion characteristics. The reservoir space is dominated by vertical fractures, NW high angle fractures and small holes. Reef and shoal facies provide the material basis for the development of dissolution. The multiple rows of NE-thrust faults in the Himalaya period controlled the secondary reservoir forming structures, such as fault-spread folds, detachment folds and thrust structures, and controlled the development of NW trending high-angle fractures. The fractures near faults and in the folds of sharp edges are relatively developed, and the karstification is also strong. Three kinds of fold structures control the development of anticlinal fault solution, fault spread fold solution and hedge structure fold solution. These structures are superimposed on each other, and the fissure cavity development is the best. The NE-SW thrust fault controls the fold solution, and its associated faults control the distribution of fractures, and control the development of karst system, that is, the formation and distribution of fracture-vug type reservoirs.