Graphene oxide (GO) possesses unique properties that have garnered significant interest for numerous industrial applications. In this study, GO was efficiently synthesized via an environmentally friendly improvement of the Hummers method, directly from graphene oxidation. The synthesized products were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of chemical bonds such as -OH, C=O, C=C, and C-O-C with graphene. The results indicated the oxidation of graphite, where oxygen atoms were introduced between the graphite layers. XRD analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 2θ=11.9°, confirming the formation of GO. Raman spectra showed a prominent G-band at 1551 cm−1 and D-band at 1330 cm−1. SEM images illustrated closely stacked sheets for graphite, whereas GO exhibited exfoliated sheets that appeared more separated and dispersed. Therefore, the improved Hummers method successfully synthesized graphite into graphene oxide (GO), showcasing promising materials for diverse applications including biomedical, energy storage, and notably, photocatalysis.