This chapter introduces academic entrepreneurship as an innovative process to transform scientific discoveries into commercialized products by the university. The explanation touches on the contribution of academic entrepreneurship as a country-level source of innovation and high-technology industry. The chapter discusses some critical factors such as specialized demand, expected outcome, technology transfer mechanism, and university–industry collaboration as the underlying mechanisms for the birth of academic entrepreneurship. It concludes with future challenges as lessons for university administrators and policymakers to foster the growth of academic entrepreneurship.