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The theory of submanifolds has been studied since the invention of calculus and it was started with differential geometry of plane curves. Since then differential geometry of plane curves, dealing with curvature, circles of curvature, evolutes, envelopes, etc., has been developed as a part of calculus.

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Basics on Manifolds and Submanifolds

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mohammad Hasan Shahid,
  • Gabriel Eduard Vilcu,
  • Bang-Yen Chen

摘要

The theory of submanifolds has been studied since the invention of calculus and it was started with differential geometry of plane curves. Since then differential geometry of plane curves, dealing with curvature, circles of curvature, evolutes, envelopes, etc., has been developed as a part of calculus.