The bioelectrochemical system (BES) plays a crucial role in energy conservation and environmental protection. As the population grows, the demand for food, energy, and water has led to extensive research on BESs, enhancing its performance applications to improve productivity, security, and sustainability in agriculture. The BES application in rural sanitation or peri-urban areas as a decentralized wastewater treatment technology requires precise design and maintenance to maximize the potential of constructed wetlands (CW). Recent studies have also explored the integration of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with existing wastewater technologies such as anaerobic reactors, anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs), CW, and photobioreactors. The combination of MFC and photobioreactor systems has received widespread attention and is expected to be increasingly investigated and used. The benefits of this system include pollution control, wastewater treatment, energy production, and algal biomass production. An MFC integrated wastewater treatment plant, which combines MFC with existing wastewater treatment technologies, has shown higher removal efficiency for ammonia nitrogen and COD in MFC based wetlands than in general wetlands. There is a critical need to scale up, design, and implement efficient BESs with CWs, as they offer greater wastewater purification efficiency and green energy production compared to traditional methods.