Semiconductor laser is an important photoelectric device, which is widely used in communication, medical treatment, material processing and other fields. In the process of laser application, the power supply system plays a vital role in its stable and reliable work. As an important optical device, semiconductor laser has been widely used in lidar, optical communication, laser processing and other fields. To ensure that the semiconductor laser can work stably, it needs to be accurately controlled. The traditional control method uses analog circuit, which has poor performance and reliability and high power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to design a semiconductor laser power operating system based on digital integrated circuit to improve control accuracy and reliability and reduce power consumption. In this paper, theoretical analysis and experimental method are applied to analyze the semiconductor laser power operating system. The experimental results show that the absolute value of the output error measured by the power supply system is 6 mV.