Effect of Biopolymer Amendment on Long-Term Strength Characteristics of Bauxite Residue Under Different Curing Conditions
摘要
Stabilization of problematic soils which would show high compressibility and low strength using cement and lime additives is a common and widespread practice. Due to the negative impacts with the use of these additives on the environment, there is an increasing focus on the use of sustainable and eco-friendly additives in the built and natural environment. Red mud is an insoluble product produced after bauxite digestion with sodium hydroxide and it is well documented to contain excessive alkalinity with a pH above 11. The high alkalinity is reportedly impeding the bulk utilization of the red mud. Additionally, slippery nature induced by excessive alkalinity dispossesses of proper particle bonding and thus leads to poor engineering properties such as strength and durability. The current study evaluates the durability characteristics of red mud amended with two biopolymers, namely guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG). Biopolymers in 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) are admixed with the red mud for the study purpose. Several identical samples are prepared, cured for 90 days at ambient temperature prior to subjecting them to wetting and drying cycles, and their unconfined compressive strength is determined. Since, there is no standard code illustrating the procedure for durability tests of biopolymer amended samples, guidelines specified by IRC SP: 89-2010 are followed in the present study. It is found from the results that samples prepared with 1 and 2% XG and 0.5% GG only retained the strength of more than 80% of the compressive strength, which is quite acceptable as per the criterion set by IRC SP: 89-2010, of dry specimen. Samples admixed with biopolymers content beyond 2% manifested a marginal volume change, rendering them unsuitable for practical applications. The study finds that the biopolymers are not only potentially sustainable alternate additive for stabilizing the red mud, but also converted it successfully as an acceptable material for civil engineering applications.