The fracture in shale is the key to the high yield of shale reservoir, it is one of the most important research objectives of shale oil and gas reservoirs’ exploration and development. In seismic profiles, the fractures whose length are less than 1/4 of the seismic wavelength and greater than 1% of the seismic wavelength cannot be identified and are usually shown as the azimuthal anisotropy of seismic traveltimes and reflection coefficients. Among them, the media induced by tilted fractures could be approximated as TTI media. For TTI media induced by tilted fractures, we proposed a process based on linear-slip theory and Anisotropic parameters, in which we could calculate azimuthal reflection coefficients by the characteristics of background media and fractures. We designed numerical tests to verify the accuracy of the process and based on the process, we studied the influence of the polar angles and densities of fractures to the AVAZ characteristics of the induced TTI media. Compared with present methods, the proposed method is independent of the anisotropy symmetry and orientation of the media and could directly calculate the azimuthal reflection coefficient of the fracture-induced media according to the characteristics of background media and fractures.

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Calculation Process and Variation Characteristics of AVAZ in Fracture Induced TTI Media

  • Han Xiao,
  • Xinmin Shang

摘要

The fracture in shale is the key to the high yield of shale reservoir, it is one of the most important research objectives of shale oil and gas reservoirs’ exploration and development. In seismic profiles, the fractures whose length are less than 1/4 of the seismic wavelength and greater than 1% of the seismic wavelength cannot be identified and are usually shown as the azimuthal anisotropy of seismic traveltimes and reflection coefficients. Among them, the media induced by tilted fractures could be approximated as TTI media. For TTI media induced by tilted fractures, we proposed a process based on linear-slip theory and Anisotropic parameters, in which we could calculate azimuthal reflection coefficients by the characteristics of background media and fractures. We designed numerical tests to verify the accuracy of the process and based on the process, we studied the influence of the polar angles and densities of fractures to the AVAZ characteristics of the induced TTI media. Compared with present methods, the proposed method is independent of the anisotropy symmetry and orientation of the media and could directly calculate the azimuthal reflection coefficient of the fracture-induced media according to the characteristics of background media and fractures.