This concluding chapter highlights the key findings of the book, framing energy poverty as a global challenge with distinct forms in developed and developing nations. By focusing on Japan—a developed nation where high energy costs and low self-sufficiency exacerbate affordability challenges—this book addresses critical research gaps and proposes targeted, region-specific strategies. Identifying university students as a vulnerable group and exploring urban–rural disparities amid global crises emphasize the need for tailored interventions. Globally, energy poverty remains a dual challenge: energy inaccessibility in developing nations and affordability constraints in developed economies. The chapter calls for equitable, sustainable energy transitions, advocating policies that prioritize affordability, community-based solutions, and international collaboration, ensuring that vulnerable populations are not left behind.