Transforming Disaster Risk Governance: Towards More Collaborative and Inclusive Approach for Tsunami Risk Reduction
摘要
Two decades after the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, one of the deadliest in modern history, the commitment and global response to address disaster risk reduction and building resilience have been rapidly developed through two major international instruments, The Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) 2005–2015 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. One of the priority actions in the Sendai Framework is strengthening disaster risk governance at global regional, national, and local levels. Key lessons learned at global and regional levels are: a greater need to foster and transform risk governance towards more cooperation and collaboration; and working across silos—especially in regional and local contexts—to foster more efficient planning; address climate change; protect biodiversity; eradicate poverty; improve food, nutrition, health, and education; implement ecosystem-based approaches in disaster risk reduction; and linking technology to people. In addition, it is urgently needed to promote initiatives towards more inclusive disaster risk management policies for tsunami preparedness and response at global and regional levels. In the ASEAN region, it is reported based on pre-disaster analysis of existing data that women facing discrimination, such as the poorest women of minority ethnicities and those living in rural areas face the greatest obstacles to achieve the SDGs by 2030. ASEAN has established a regional framework on protection gender and inclusion in disaster management 2021–2025. However, not all ASEAN member states have integrated protection, gender, and inclusion in Disaster Management including tsunami preparedness. The aim of this chapter is to examine global and regional initiatives for risk governance toward strengthened tsunami risk reduction. The chapter will employ grey critical literature analysis. This chapter will provide insight on strengthening collaborative and inclusive tsunami risk management and institutions globally and regionally and its implications at the local level.