The evolution of modern urban cities is both a result and a crucial indicator of a nation’s economic advancement. The economic advantages of cities generally arise from the concentration of economic factors and the positive externalities generated by economic activities. People choose to live and work in cities not only for occupational opportunities but also for the conveniences offered by urban environments, such as social interactions, access to healthcare, cultural and educational experiences, and more comprehensive social security. These advantages stem from two main sources: the concentration of spatial resources and the public infrastructure and services provided by cities, which are classified in economics as public goods. A variety of public goods form the foundations of urban socioeconomic activities and the welfare of residents, making them critical indicators of a city’s level of socioeconomic development.