Neurotransmitters are crucial chemical messengers in the nervous system, regulating various physiological and cognitive processes. Accurate detection and quantification of these molecules are essential for understanding their roles in health and disease. Voltammetric sensors, with their high sensitivity, rapid response, and miniaturization, have emerged as powerful tools for neurotransmitter detection. This chapter explores the principles and advancements of voltammetric techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry, used to detect key neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. It also discusses electrode materials, surface functionalization with enzymes, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, and the challenges associated with selectivity, sensitivity, and stability in complex biological environments. Future directions in the field include integrating voltammetric sensors with microfluidics, applying nanotechnology, and incorporating artificial intelligence for data analysis.