This chapter examines gnostic philosophy as a therapeutic, ritualized process of knowledge production, transmission, and internalization. It explores how philosophy in South Asia evolved from ancient sacrificial practices into a form of internal purification, where knowledge serves as both a tool for spiritual transformation and a method of existential problem-solving. The chapter highlights the role of taxonomies in gnostic philosophy, arguing that these systematic classifications are integral to spiritual rituals, not just intellectual pursuits. Drawing from ritualistic practices, such as fire sacrifices and the renunciation of external rituals, gnostic philosophy internalizes these rituals into higher, transformative forms of knowledge. Philosophy becomes a form of both karman (action) and jñāna (knowledge), structured around enumerative lists and metaphysical systems that enable the practitioner to transcend ordinary experience. By tracing the development of these ritual discourses from Vedic times through later Buddhist, Jain, and Brahmanical traditions, the chapter positions gnostic philosophy as a higher ritual, an embodied practice that transforms both the self and its relation to the cosmos, integrating intellectual, spiritual, and social dimensions into a therapeutic way of life.

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What Is Gnostic Philosophy? The Therapeutic Production, Transmission, and Internalization of Knowledge

  • Karl-Stéphan Bouthillette

摘要

This chapter examines gnostic philosophy as a therapeutic, ritualized process of knowledge production, transmission, and internalization. It explores how philosophy in South Asia evolved from ancient sacrificial practices into a form of internal purification, where knowledge serves as both a tool for spiritual transformation and a method of existential problem-solving. The chapter highlights the role of taxonomies in gnostic philosophy, arguing that these systematic classifications are integral to spiritual rituals, not just intellectual pursuits. Drawing from ritualistic practices, such as fire sacrifices and the renunciation of external rituals, gnostic philosophy internalizes these rituals into higher, transformative forms of knowledge. Philosophy becomes a form of both karman (action) and jñāna (knowledge), structured around enumerative lists and metaphysical systems that enable the practitioner to transcend ordinary experience. By tracing the development of these ritual discourses from Vedic times through later Buddhist, Jain, and Brahmanical traditions, the chapter positions gnostic philosophy as a higher ritual, an embodied practice that transforms both the self and its relation to the cosmos, integrating intellectual, spiritual, and social dimensions into a therapeutic way of life.