Biofuel crops play an important role in bioenergy production, providing a renewable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Minimal inputs are used to grow biofuel crops (sorghum, maize, sugarcane, poplar, and other grasses like panicum and miscanthus) on marginal and degraded land to avoid competition with arable crops. The high biomass production potential of these crops can be converted into biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel. Fast canopy capture with a profuse root system and photosynthetically efficient biofuel crops are reliable sources for bioenergy production. This chapter investigates the most recent research findings and advancements related to the comprehension and optimization of morpho-physiological traits for high bioenergy production in biofuel crops. Moreover, this chapter explains how biofuel crops attain heightened bioenergy yields and how morpho-physiological traits contribute to the production of substantial biomass. Overall, understanding these traits is crucial for harnessing the potential of biofuel crops for ideal bioenergy production.