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Batch-to-batch comparisons of the Practical Salinity (SP) of International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans standard seawater (SSW) are reviewed. The batch offset values of SP proposed in previous studies are summarized for SSW batches P29 (1959) to P165 (2021). Comparability of methods is taken into consideration, and blanks in the batch offset values for batches P113 and P117 are filled in. To check the consistency with which long-term batch offset tables are stitched together from batch-to-batch comparisons, the SP values of historical SSWs (P51–P163) were measured in September 2020. The batch offset table was also evaluated by conducting batch-to-batch comparisons of seawater samples collected during the Japan Meteorological Agency’s routine oceanographic observation cruises. Because the cause of batch-to-batch differences larger than the expanded uncertainty of the SSW label values is still unclear, a reference seawater that is more robust and more stable than SSW might be required to establish a high level of international comparability of SP measurements.

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History of Batch-to-Batch Comparative Studies of International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans Standard Seawater

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hiroshi Uchida,
  • Mitsuho Oe,
  • Masahide Wakita

摘要

Batch-to-batch comparisons of the Practical Salinity (SP) of International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans standard seawater (SSW) are reviewed. The batch offset values of SP proposed in previous studies are summarized for SSW batches P29 (1959) to P165 (2021). Comparability of methods is taken into consideration, and blanks in the batch offset values for batches P113 and P117 are filled in. To check the consistency with which long-term batch offset tables are stitched together from batch-to-batch comparisons, the SP values of historical SSWs (P51–P163) were measured in September 2020. The batch offset table was also evaluated by conducting batch-to-batch comparisons of seawater samples collected during the Japan Meteorological Agency’s routine oceanographic observation cruises. Because the cause of batch-to-batch differences larger than the expanded uncertainty of the SSW label values is still unclear, a reference seawater that is more robust and more stable than SSW might be required to establish a high level of international comparability of SP measurements.