Global warming and its consequential climate change pose significant challenges for plant agriculture, limiting crop productivity. This issue is further compounded by the urgent necessity of feeding the growing global population amidst an increasingly unpredictable climate. Concept of climate-smart agriculture focuses on cultivating robust crops that can thrive in adverse conditions while preserving essential micronutrient levels. These challenges necessitate the development of resilient crop plants to withstand these stresses while maintaining sustainable yields. Although traditional methods of plant transformation have provided valuable insights into plant biology and upscaled the agricultural practices, still the regeneration and genetic modification across different crop species varies in different environmental conditions. The recent advancement of genome editing technologies offers promising solutions by enabling precise alterations in plant genomes to get the desired traits. The advantage of these alterations includes suppression or elimination of specific genes without permanently introducing foreign DNA. In this chapter, we have briefly discussed about the evolution of genome editing technologies from meganucleases (MNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat—Cas (CRISPR/Cas) systems and their utilization in developing climate-resilient plants. These advance technologies may be utilized as smart agricultural practices to develop climate-smart crops and ensure a sustainable global food production.