Beyond Normal: Performance of Madness and Its Ambivalence
摘要
This chapter explores the performative and symbolic dimensions of pain and disfiguration in Kerala’s ritual and classical performance traditions. Taking the marma system from Ayurveda as a conceptual lens, it examines how the knowledge of vital points informs the portrayal and control of injury in practices such as Teyyam, Kutiyattam, and Kathakali. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, textual references, and performance analysis, the chapter traces how caste, gender, and character identity shape the staging of mutilation and bleeding bodies. Through figures like Duryodhana and Shurpanakha, it reflects on how disfiguration emerges as a critical category for understanding how pain is embodied, regulated, and made visible. Marma knowledge, in this context, allows for a negotiation between the real and the representational, making disfiguration not just an effect, but a deliberate aesthetic and ritual strategy.