Climate change is a bitter reality and it is considered as biggest environmental threat in human history. On a global scale, agriculture faces a triple challenge: pressures for feeding the growing population, changing climatic conditions to feed the growing population and reducing agriculture’s global greenhouse gas emissions where possible. The 2015, Paris agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2.0 °C, with a long-term target of 1.5 °C. India, ranked third in greenhouse gas emissions, plays a crucial role in reducing global emissions. Indian agriculture, a major source of domestic emissions, is a priority sector for emission reduction. Climate change affects crop yields and can impact food production. Mitigation options include soil organic matter sequestration, conservation agriculture, agroforestry, cover crops, direct seeded rice, and improved nutrient-use efficiency. Adaptation, which involves altering natural or human systems to climatic stimuli or impacts, should be place-specific and involve resource conservation technologies, cropping system technologies, and socioeconomic or policy interventions. Some basic techniques such as alternate drying in rice, mid-season drainage, mulching as well as green manure, and crop rotation/diversification enhanced nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen in contributing to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Likewise, there exist efficiencies such as the creation of simple sowing techniques such as staggered sowing and even certain varieties hold the ability to counter climate change impacts and create a better future for mankind.