The development of fillers and enhanced production capabilities have led to an increase in the usage of traditional polymer composite materials. Numerous fascinating nanomaterials have been found in recent years, and they have a significant influence on how we live. Quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, the family of graphene oxides, layered silicates, metal oxides, and dendrimers are some of these novel materials. Their advantages, which include the creation of new sophisticated materials when used as nanoscale fillers rather than micron-sized fillers, are due to the particles larger surface area to volume, shape ratios and aspect ratio. Its expanding use in commercial uses is now spurring extensive development and research. Specific features of nanomaterials have impact on material characteristics that come with the risk of exposure to special harmful consequences in biological systems. By adding nanofillers (NFs) with a high aspect ratio as well as a significant active surface area, the performance characteristics of biodegradable polymer matrix may be enhanced. The manufacturing of sustainable polymer nanocomposite (PNC) incorporating NFs for possible industrial applications is heavily emphasized in this chapter. Different methods for creating sustainable PNCs including sol-gel, intercalation, and direct dispersion methods have been briefly explored. This chapter focuses on the effects of different processing methods on PNC characteristics and their vast variety of commercial applications, including electrical, mechanical, and biological ones. A review of the various NF types used in the creation of ecological PNCs for industrial usage is also provided. This chapter addresses a few of the most crucial issues surrounding nanoparticles effects on human health, performance, the environment, and prices, with a focus on their toxic and practical characteristics.