Biodegradable composites of the polymer have emerged as widely important class of materials owing to their ability to degrade naturally and hence are environment friendly. The biodegradable polymers though have found applications in limited fields owing to their shortcomings in aspects of thermal, electrical, mechanical, water and gas vapor barrier, biocompatibility, and microbial properties. Various efforts have been posed by researchers to enhance, inherent, and modify the properties of these biodegradable polymers by use of different additives. One of the famously used additives is nanofillers which when blended with the polymeric matrix result in the formation of a new form of materials with better properties that can be tailored by use of different types, shapes, and sizes of nanofillers. This chapter focuses on the use of four different types of nanofillers, i.e., clay, metal-based inorganics, organic materials, and carbonaceous materials into the polymeric matrix, and studies their impacts on different properties of the polymeric films along with their degradation capabilities and their application in the fields of food packaging, medicines, aerospace, cosmetics, electrical appliances, etc.