Extremely high temperatures vacuum, micrometeoroids, debris from outer space, and significant changes due to sunspot activity are the factors that set the space environment apart. These factors have an important role in the development of aeronautical equipment and spacecraft. To prevent serious damage, aerospace components need materials with great stiffness, strength, and good fracture toughness. Space exploration has resulted in much study on multifunctional materials during the last few years. Metal alloys, particularly aluminum alloys, have served as an essential part of the aerospace industry. However, there is a move toward polymer composites during the past 10 years. Polymer composites provide a number of benefits over metals. They are more resistant to corrosion, have better strength-to-weight ratios, require fewer subdivisions, use less fuel since they are lighter, are simpler to repair and maintain, perform better under fatigue, have tailorable mechanical characteristics, have more design flexibility, and cost less to assemble. Composite materials consist of some of fillers as reinforcements bonded together with a matrix material. One of the raw materials that is most important in material science is filler, which is typically utilized in composite components to improve physical properties while reducing the need for costly binding agents. The characteristics of filler materials are often influenced by the geometry, functionalization, particle size, and chemical coating. Nanofillers are a favorite among them due to their high aspect ratio and intrinsically high mechanical strength. They are microscopic particles that can modify the mechanical and appearance of advanced composites. By incorporating nanofiller into polymer matrix, materials can show better optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and nonflammability qualities as well as controlled rheological behaviors.