This chapter presents an overview of nanofillers in the aerospace industry. The beginning starts with a brief look at the aerospace industry and the importance of materials selection and common materials used as matrixes in composite structures. The primary discussion in this chapter is about different nanoparticles used for improving the properties of various materials for inner and outer atmosphere uses. Then, a review of recent studies on the subject will help complete the perspective of the material selection and results. The parameters in a wide range of nanomaterials and the effect on the properties shall be discussed and reveal how they can provide desired properties to deal with harsh conditions in sky and space. The main idea of using nanocomposite materials is to reduce weight and, at the same time, enhance another property to find a better choice for replacement of currently used materials in the future. The aerospace field always moves on to improvement and Innovation, so it’s strongly bonded to materials science.