Selecting the underground core of the tight sandstone reservoir in the second section of the Xujiahe Formation in the Y block to prepare rock samples, considering the influence of shale bands, small-scale true triaxial sand carrying fracturing experiments were conducted, and combined with high-precision acoustic emission monitoring technology, the effects of shale bands and construction parameters on hydraulic fracture morphology and acoustic emission response characteristics were studied. Research has shown that the presence of muddy strips has a significant impact on the morphology and distribution of hydraulic fractures. Hydraulic fractures are prone to initiate along the muddy strips, and when the muddy strips are wider, they limit the expansion of hydraulic fractures along the height direction. The thickness of the muddy strips is reduced from 10 to 1 mm, and the complexity coefficient of fractures is reduced by 21%; Rock samples without mud bands mainly form single or double wing fractures along the maximum horizontal principal stress direction. The fracturing fluid displacement has the greatest impact on the fracture complexity coefficient, with an average of 14.3%; The viscosity of fracturing fluid takes second place, at 14%; The influence of horizontal ground stress difference is the smallest, at 7.4%; The acoustic emission test results show that shear and tensile events coexist in the area where hydraulic fractures communicate, and inclined fractures are commonly present in various fracturing samples. The more inclined the fractures are, the greater the proportion of acoustic emission shear events.