Waste burning is one of the major issues in urban regions, which deteriorates the air quality of the area along with other complex sources of air pollution in the region. The study was conducted in 2022 when northern Delhi’s solid waste dump yard underwent an accidental fire during the summer. The study region has three major landfills, and Bhalswa is one among them. Due to the burning of solid waste, the concentration of the particulate matter increased around 40 to 50% in the study region, and the concentration reached a maximum of about 338 µg/m3 for PM10. The burning emits particulates and other gaseous pollutants, which showed a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.5 to 0.6) with the particulate matter. The generated fumes were dispersed to the surrounding regions during higher windspeed (>3 m/s), and less dispersion was seen during low and calm wind speed conditions (<3 m/s). Most Indian cities experience the problem of waste dumping, and it is necessary to process the solid waste from households to extract the energy byproducts to overcome it. The dumpyards generate aesthetic issues, leading to poor air quality in the surrounding regions. The study’s outcomes help to understand the air quality changes due to open fires in municipal solid waste dump yards.