Over the last decade, Meghalaya faced escalating threats from air pollution and climate change, prompting the Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB) to identify critical environmental stressors. Vehicular emissions, improper waste management, rapid deforestation, and industrialisation significantly contribute to the region’s deteriorating environmental conditions, with vehicular emissions emerging as a pervasive issue. Despite existing regulations and awareness campaigns, grassroots reforms require amplification. To tackle these challenges, comprehensive studies are imperative to identify emission sources and accurately quantify contaminants. This study focuses on Ribhoi district, examining Meghalaya’s industrial sector to explore remedial methods for mitigating environmental effects. Prioritising pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, SOx, and NOx demonstrates commitment to addressing specific air quality threats. The research aims to provide data-driven insights, raise awareness, and propose actionable strategies for sustainable environmental management in key areas like Shillong and Byrnihat, preserving Meghalaya’s natural beauty and ecological balance.