Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are closely linked to climate change, primarily through the greenhouse effect. The Earth’s atmosphere contains greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, that trap heat from the sun. Elevated CO2 levels lead to an increase in global temperatures, which is a key aspect of climate change. This study aims to map the variation of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2021 and to explore the spatial and temporal variation of CO2 over Maharashtra State using remote sensing data. Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) data has been used for the analysis. NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been measuring carbon dioxide column-averaged dry air mole fraction, XCO2, in the Earth’s atmosphere. The OCO-2 data is analyzed and processed in the GIS environment. The results show the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration which was 397.383 ppm in 2015 and 418.183 ppm in 2021.