There is an increasing demand for plastic as the current global annual use of 330 million metric tonnes is predicted to increase fourfold by 2050. Attending the predicted increase of plastics production is biosphere concerns as plastic inefficiently degrades and contributes to global environmental pollution. Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) is of particular concern due to its small size and deleterious impacts on both marine and terrestrial systems. However, microplastics accumulation in soil was found 4–23 times greater by mass relative to marine systems. Moreover, microplastics that enter the soil environment may persist long-term due to degradation difficulty. Similar to the global trend, the majority of microplastics studies in Malaysia have concentrated on the marine environment, while understanding of this pollution in terrestrial environments, particularly in soil, is rather limited. Thus, this study aims to explore microplastics pollution sources in terrestrial environment from Malaysia. So far, microplastics pollution sources were quantified from laundry water as well as secondary sources such as plastics usage in agricultural activities and plastics waste in urban soil. Microplastics in soil also depend on environmental and meteorological factors and breakdown process extent. Thus, extensive studies are needed to further understand the effects of these microplastic particles in soil environment. Further initiatives from scientific communities and actions from regulatory bodies are also needed to minimize this pollution in soil environment.

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Exploration of Microplastics Pollution Sources in Terrestrial Environment: An Evidence from Malaysia

  • Sarva Mangala Praveena

摘要

There is an increasing demand for plastic as the current global annual use of 330 million metric tonnes is predicted to increase fourfold by 2050. Attending the predicted increase of plastics production is biosphere concerns as plastic inefficiently degrades and contributes to global environmental pollution. Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) is of particular concern due to its small size and deleterious impacts on both marine and terrestrial systems. However, microplastics accumulation in soil was found 4–23 times greater by mass relative to marine systems. Moreover, microplastics that enter the soil environment may persist long-term due to degradation difficulty. Similar to the global trend, the majority of microplastics studies in Malaysia have concentrated on the marine environment, while understanding of this pollution in terrestrial environments, particularly in soil, is rather limited. Thus, this study aims to explore microplastics pollution sources in terrestrial environment from Malaysia. So far, microplastics pollution sources were quantified from laundry water as well as secondary sources such as plastics usage in agricultural activities and plastics waste in urban soil. Microplastics in soil also depend on environmental and meteorological factors and breakdown process extent. Thus, extensive studies are needed to further understand the effects of these microplastic particles in soil environment. Further initiatives from scientific communities and actions from regulatory bodies are also needed to minimize this pollution in soil environment.