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This study aimed to identify words that are closely associated with loneliness and examined the degree to which they are related to loneliness. We also investigated the positive–negative valence ratings of each word. A total of 240 words were extracted and presented to participants to assess the association of each word with loneliness and positive–negative valence. An online survey was administered to 205 Japanese workers (102 males and 103 females). Results indicated that words with a strong association with loneliness were ‘loneliness’, ‘isolation’, ‘wanting to die’, ‘solitude’, and ‘alone’. Conversely, words with a weak association with loneliness were ‘peace’, ‘amicable’, ‘delightful’, ‘cheerful’, and ‘have sociable manners’. As for positive valence, the word with the highest mean score was ‘happiness’, followed by ‘cozy’, ‘positive’, ‘jovial’, and ‘peace’. ‘Wanting to die’ had the highest negative valence, followed by ‘rock bottom’, ‘bankruptcy’, ‘death’, and ‘loser’. These results are expected to be utilized in future studies using the Japanese language.

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Loneliness and Valence Ratings of Japanese Words Associated with Loneliness Among Workers

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yasumasa Otsuka,
  • Yukiko Sagisaka,
  • Akiko Osu,
  • Kiyomi Miyoshi

摘要

This study aimed to identify words that are closely associated with loneliness and examined the degree to which they are related to loneliness. We also investigated the positive–negative valence ratings of each word. A total of 240 words were extracted and presented to participants to assess the association of each word with loneliness and positive–negative valence. An online survey was administered to 205 Japanese workers (102 males and 103 females). Results indicated that words with a strong association with loneliness were ‘loneliness’, ‘isolation’, ‘wanting to die’, ‘solitude’, and ‘alone’. Conversely, words with a weak association with loneliness were ‘peace’, ‘amicable’, ‘delightful’, ‘cheerful’, and ‘have sociable manners’. As for positive valence, the word with the highest mean score was ‘happiness’, followed by ‘cozy’, ‘positive’, ‘jovial’, and ‘peace’. ‘Wanting to die’ had the highest negative valence, followed by ‘rock bottom’, ‘bankruptcy’, ‘death’, and ‘loser’. These results are expected to be utilized in future studies using the Japanese language.