This chapter explains the globalization of education in Japan from the perspective of the implementation of the International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes. In Japan, the implementation of the IB was initiated by the cabinet in 2013 to foster ‘global human resources’. Several reforms were made to increase the number of IB schools, and the number of these schools has increased in the last 10 years. This chapter suggests that access to the IB is still limited to certain groups of people, and it is difficult to say that it is fostering more ‘global human resources.’ However, even though there is uncertainty around whether the original purpose of the IB in Japan has been fulfilled, there remains a high possibility that IB methods might influence the non IB schools and make a positive impact on them.