The increased global agricultural activities and productivity aided by technological advances and the development of high-yielding crop varieties have ushered in a transformation in the agricultural sector. However, such increased activities have been accompanied by the generation of a significant amount of agricultural waste (AW). It is estimated that the global agricultural sector produces 140 billion metric tons of biomass, comprising plant residues and livestock waste. These agrowastes are mostly disposed of by dumping and burning, which impacts the environment leading to undesired consequences. Biotechnological approaches, including bioconversion and fermentation mediated by microbes such as cellulolytic bacteria and fungi, play a pivotal role in the management of crop residues to yield agricultural and industrially important constituents, including compost and biofuels. Microbial enzymes belonging to different classes find a wide variety of applications in managing and recycling agricultural waste by aiding in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, and removal of contaminants to promote a safer and sustainable environment. A significant amount of value-added products may be obtained from agricultural waste, including energy production nearly equal to 50 billion tons of oil. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the different types of agricultural waste, the potential environmental risks, and possible ways of their management. Recently developed biotechnological approaches for managing waste and strategies for turning agricultural waste into goods with additional value are discussed. The factors that influence the recycling and utilization of agricultural waste are highlighted along with an assessment of future trends in agricultural waste management strategies.