Anthropogenic activities since the industrial revolution have had significant and concerning impacts on the climate, resulting from factors such as industrialization, economic activities, land utilization, and population expansion. One of the most concerning consequences is global warming, which is accompanied by a substantial rise in atmospheric CO2 levels. This critical issue requires prompt attention and immediate action. A feasible approach to reducing CO2 emissions from specific sources is through biological routes. The main goal of this chapter is to summarize the biotechnological advances in reducing CO2 levels in industrial waste and the assimilation of this gas into valuable compounds. To capture CO2 and convert it into valuable compounds, various effective biotechnological tools are available, including microbial catalysts, enzymatic pathways, and the photosynthetic capabilities of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are important for converting CO2 through fermentation and metabolic pathways. Similarly, through photosynthesis, carbon is accumulated by algae, forests, and many other plants. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions, produced biomass has the potential to generate value-added by-products and enhance the efficiency of carbon capture. Therefore, it seems logical that biotechnological methods, as an eco-friendly strategy, are very effective and efficient for the capture of CO2. These advancements have highlighted the potential of biotechnological solutions to convert industrial CO2 waste into valuable products, contributing to sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.