Chapter 5 unravels the mystery of socialism. This chapter discusses the future of socialism from the perspective of the evolution of capitalism to socialism and the reconstruction of the world system. We are now in a great era of change. The Internet economy is thriving, new energy revolution and new industrial revolution are coming forth, the rapid development of productive forces is profoundly affecting global relations of production, and capitalism is beginning to show signs of transition to socialism, which is likely to affect the global political landscape. If the Opium War in 1848 marked the victory of the marine civilization over the land civilization and set in motion the capitalist industrial civilization system in the following nearly 200 years, then in the era of globalization in the midst of the information technology revolution, the land civilization will embrace the opportunity for revival and capitalism will evolve to socialism. In this process what development opportunities will be there? How will China respond? We will discuss these questions in this chapter.