The precision of temperature control in the cryogenic wind tunnel is significantly influenced by its coupling with other flow field parameters. In response to this issue, this paper proposes a composite temperature control strategy for the cryogenic wind tunnel based on adaptive robust sliding mode control. The strategy involves the design of a robust sliding mode controller to address the closed-loop stability of temperature control in the presence of modeling errors and external disturbances. Furthermore, to mitigate the coupling effect of uncertainty in compressor power changes, an adaptive law for compressor power correction coefficient is developed, and a rigorous proof that estimation error for adaptive law is convergence in finite time is provided based on Lyapunov analysis method. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in resolving the coupling between temperature and other flow field parameters, as well as its ability to significantly improve temperature precision and strong robustness against different uncertain disturbances.