The intricate and ever-changing environment, geological conditions, wind turbine capacities, and resources for construction and installation at offshore wind farms necessitate a variety of foundation structures for wind turbines. Currently, the construction of offshore wind turbine foundations is primarily classified into several types: single pile foundations, multi-pile foundations, multi-pile cap foundations (Bi et al. in Etc, China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, Beijing, 2017;Lin in Integrated analysis and design of support structure and foundation for offshore wind turbines, Machinery Industry Press, Beijing, 2020;Yuan et al. in Etc, Hohai University Press, Offshore wind power generation technology. Nanjing, 2014;), jacket foundations, gravity foundations, floating foundations, and bucket foundations, as outlined by DNV standards.